Basic Anatomy of a Neuron

Dendrites
Cell body
Nucleus
Axon hillock
Axon
Myelin sheath
Node of ranvier
Collateral branches
Terminal buttons


Neurons generally have a cell body that contains a nucleus, dendrites are branch-like extensions connected to the cell body, an axon a longer extension from the cell body is used to transmit information to other neurons, axons then have collateral branches, at the end of these branches are terminal buttons used to send signals to adjacent cells. Most axons are covered with a myelin sheath used to facilitate transmission of information to other neurons.